record F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )
ijkl and yijkl equal 0. xijkl indicates melko Tanskalainen naiset local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and yijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), xijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, yijkl equals 1 if k < l>
Next, i size ining the way the probability of hukou intermarriage changes with per wife or husband’s knowledge (Gullickson and you may Torche, 2014), and we also further glance at version inside the business change among them metropolitan areas.
log F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? p = step 1 2 ? p you pij + ? q = 1 dos ? q w qij + ? c ? p = 1 2 ? p u pij + ? c ? q = 1 dos ? q w qij
When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both upij and wqij equal 0. upij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and wqij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), upij equals 1 if k >p and wqij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), upij equals 1 if l > p and wqij equals 1 if k > q.
Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?p and ?q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Descriptive Abilities
Descriptive contributes to Dining table 1 reveal hukou area pairings regarding partners by the town. When you look at the Shanghai, throughout the 47% out of mini-census was in fact developed ranging from a few migrants; when you look at the Shenzhen, you to percentage is actually more than 70%. Throughout the 38% out-of marriage ceremonies involved a couple of local spouses from inside the Shanghai, while 15% out of marriages had two regional partners during the Shenzhen. Certainly, individuals had a tendency to wed within their hukou status classification both in towns. In both metropolitan areas, marriage ceremonies anywhere between an area husband and you can an excellent migrant spouse was indeed much apt to be than just marriages between a migrant husband and you will a neighbor hood wife to happen (13% vs. 3% into the Shanghai and you may 11% compared to. 4% when you look at the Shenzhen). The fresh new percentage of hukou locality homogamy is comparable from the a couple urban centers. Yet ,, we want to translate the outcomes having alerting, given that share out of migrants differs in these several urban centers. The new cousin sized migrants and you will residents brings architectural relationship options for folks to get prospective spouses and eventually ). Log-linear analysis allows us to consider the level of hukou homogamy, net of one’s compositional outcomes, by controlling getting limited withdrawals out of hukou status.
Desk step one.
We earliest establish brand new distributions out of training attainment to own migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you may local spouses for the each urban area, correspondingly, into the Shape step one . An average of, migrants was less experienced than simply natives, aside from gender, both in Shanghai and you may Shenzhen. Certainly one of migrants, guys are finest educated than feamales in both Shanghai and you can Shenzhen. On the other hand, certainly one of residents, the fresh gender gap in the degree try either short if you don’t stopped: regional men normally are merely a bit top experienced than the feminine competitors within the Shenzhen, and local women an average of be knowledgeable than their male competitors into the Shanghai. Log-linear models handle to the knowledge inequalities ranging from group and you can between locals and you can migrants to fully capture this new associations between spouses’ knowledge and you will anywhere between educational and you can hukou locality assortative mating, online of the marginal distributions of spouses’ characteristics.